文稿起草八步骤：受命、会意、破题、蓄势、图构、绘事、润色、成文
<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85975" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: -0.75em auto 10px; padding: 20px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; border: 2px solid rgb(222, 220, 222);"><section class="" data-style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em;text-align:center;" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 文章之道，“于无定法中有定法，于有定法中无定法”，对此古人有许多经验，今人也有许多技巧。一篇文稿的起草，大体可分为受命、会意、破题、蓄势、图构、绘事、润色、成文八个阶段。做足这八个阶段的功夫，就不难写出一篇好文稿。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一步：受命，也就是接受任务</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 这一步要解决好的问题是主动接受还是被动接受。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实际上，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关每年的文稿任务，</span></strong>是有规可循的。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">总结起来无非三种：<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">周期性文稿、常规性文稿、随机性文稿。</span></span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">周期性文稿是指每</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">隔固定时段必然要开展的重大工作，比如每隔五年要召开党的全国代表大会，这些“大事”伴生的文稿是可以预见的。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">常规性文稿</span>是指每</span>年必有的重要工作，比如每年全国要召开两会，各部委各单位每年要召开工作会议等，伴生的文稿也是可以预知的。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">随机性文稿，</span>则是根据工作需要，</span>临时出现的文稿。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 承担文稿起草任务的部门和同志要想当好参谋助手，就必须对周期性、常规性的文稿提前作好谋划，不能等着领导派活儿才开始干；具体起草者也不能等着方案下来才考虑。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这方面，不妨搞一张“工作任务年表”“重点任务月表”，让大家知道每年要干什么，早思考、早谋划、早部署、早动手。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二步：会意，也就是领会领导意图</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>这个阶段的关键问题是，领导有明确指示好办，领导没有指示怎么办？</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">那就要</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">学会揣摩领导的意图，<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>是个硬</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">功夫，需要把握三个方面：</strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把握事业发展的大环境。</span></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通过找准本地区、本单位、本部门工作在整个国家事业发展大局中的地位和作用，来领会领导意图。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是</span>遵循事业自身发展的大逻辑。</span></strong>通过把握本地区、本单位、本部门工作的规律和特点、进展和要求，来领会领导意图。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是</span>紧扣领导的关注点。</span></strong>通过关注和思考领导的批示指示，来领会领导的意图。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>要强调的是，我们既不能重复“昨天的故事”，把领导过去讲话拼起来；也不能重复“别人的故事”，复制其他领导讲话。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">写好一篇文稿，要转换三次角色：</strong></span></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">把自己摆在领导的位置上，</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">思考这项工作应该怎么干，话应该怎么说。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">其次</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">把自己摆在听众的位置上，</span></strong>设身处地琢磨听众在这个场合想听点什么。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">再次</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">把领导摆在自己的位置上，</span></strong>假定领导自己捉笔，这篇文章会怎么写。如此这般，起草者就会和领导“心曲相通”，真正领会好领导意图。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三步：破题，也就是确定文稿主题</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>起草好一篇文稿，先要立好题。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">立好题首先要破好题。怎么破题？</span></strong>习近平总书记说：问题是时代的声音。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">起草文稿必须树立问题导向，善于找准主要问题，特别是善于抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面。</span></strong>党的十八大后，习近平总书记发表的一系列重要讲话之所以引起全党和全社会广泛而又强烈的反响，就在于这些重要讲话都具有鲜明的问题导向，抓住了矛盾的主要方面，提出了鲜明的解决问题的思路和举措。把主要矛盾抓住了，把主要问题找准了，讲话的主旨、文章的题目自然就出来了。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四步：蓄势，就是作好思想理论和资料数据准备</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>“善弈者谋势，不善弈者谋子。”起草文稿也是同样的道理，站得高才能看得远。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">怎么蓄势？除了学习别无他途。</strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">接受任务、领会意图、确立主题后，必须突出重点，分清轻重缓急，把时间和精力花到最急需、最关键的地方来学。</span></strong>学习既要持之以恒下硬功夫，也要运用一些技巧。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>比如，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“分范畴研究法”</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</strong></span>就是要围绕中央和本地区、本单位、本部门的重要工作和领导关心的重要问题，广泛收集资料，分专题进行研究，理清这些问题的来龙去脉。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>又如，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“反弹琵琶法”</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就是要克服阅读惯性，越是不懂的问题，越是要想办法去弄懂；越是陌生的领域，越是要有意识地去熟悉，不断扫除知识盲点，完善知识结构。现实中，有的同志只会写业务类的文稿，有的同志只会写事务性的文稿，有的同志只会写党务类的文稿，这是不行的。因此，在分配任务时，可以反其道而行之，这样才能造就文稿起草的“多面手”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>再如，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“解剖麻雀法”</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就是把文稿分成若干类别进行研究，研究要具体到如何起头、如何过渡、如何分层次、如何提要求等细节，深入到逻辑、结构、句式、语言等层面。“花脸稿”是最好的老师，要研究领导改过的文稿，仔细琢磨改动的深意，真正做到打完一仗、总结一次、前进一步。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>要通过学习打好思想理论的“底子”，建起资料数据的“仓库”。</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从自己的工作实践总结，要长“五双眼”。第一双眼“盯世界”，</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把握本领域工作的世界发展大势及其对本地区、本领域工作的影响。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二双眼“盯中央”，</span></strong>及时学习党中央、国务院的最新部署，找出其同本领域工作的关联。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三双眼“盯部委”</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">，</span></strong>弄清楚同自己关系密切的相关部委有什么行动和举措。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四双眼“盯机关”，</span></strong>熟稔本机关本部门和所属各单位有什么工作举措和进展。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第五双眼“盯各地”，</span></strong>看看有什么典型性做法、创新型经验。这“五双眼”都用到了，调查研究也就完成了，发言权也就有了。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第五步：图构，也就是形成提纲和观点</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>起草文稿，既要避免匆忙动笔，在文稿内容没有悟透、结构没有理顺的情况下埋头去写；又要避免堆砌材料，从网上下载大量资料，东抄西摘，拼拼凑凑，看起来满篇好话，实际上不知所云；还要避免平均用力，什么都想写，结果什么都写不透。因此，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在动笔前要舍得花时间和精力去琢磨框架、拟定提纲、理顺逻辑、提炼观点。</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>一般认为，</span></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿结构有“块状”和“条状”两种。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这两种结构怎么运用，既取决于讲话者和起草者的“口味”，也取决于文稿的功能和场合。“块状结构”的文稿，一般是以时间先后、内容范畴的几个“面”组成的，“面”与“面”之间相对独立成块，相互之间为并列或平行关系。“条状结构”注重“点”与“点”之间的关联，有着比较紧密的逻辑关系，内容组织上比较多见的是总分式和递进式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>两种结构各有优长。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从整体架构看：“块状结构”虽块面少，但更容易大开大合；“条状结构”虽条目多，但更容易点状聚焦。从内容涵盖看，“块状结构”相对发散，可以把内容说全说够；“条状结构”相对集中，可以把问题说深说透。从行文风格看，“块状结构”中“论”的色彩更重，展得也比较开；“条状结构”中“断”的色彩更重，结论式、断语式的话更为常见，观点非常鲜明。从适用范围看，“块状结构”比较适合那些逻辑层次相对复杂、讲话内容相对庞杂的文稿，常用在工作报告、工作总结等方面。“条状结构”比较适合那些逻辑层次相对简单、演讲色彩相对浓厚的文稿。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>“块状结构”与“条状结构”并非不可逾越，</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">有的时候可以“一锅烩”。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">即使是同一类文稿，既有采用“块状结构”的，也有采用“条状结构”的。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿起草中，到底用哪一种结构，必须综合文稿的主题、内容和对象等各种因素来确定，以发挥出每一种结构形式的最大效应。</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>拟定提纲，牵头人非常重要。</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提纲定到“三级”，框架和大的观点就出来了，可以称之为“胸有成竹”；定到“四级”和“五级”，层次和主要内容就出来了，基本上就是“腹有成稿”了。一般来说，提纲到“三级”即可；新手入门，可以根据情况列到“四级”和“五级”。</span> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第六步：绘事，就是增强文稿针对性</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">**** Hidden Message *****</p></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86372" data-color="rgb(69, 131, 180)" data-custom="rgb(69, 131, 180)" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><section style="padding-left: 0.6em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0.3em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(69, 131, 180);"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">第八步：成文，就是完善和定稿</p></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>走完前七步，文稿起草就到了“成文”的最后一关。怎样才算成文？《春江花月夜》里有句诗“鱼龙潜跃水成文”，大体可以用来说明这个问题：领导者“胸中有海岳”，起草者“笔底生波澜”，最后才是“鱼龙潜跃水成文”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>要强调的是：</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">从事文稿服务的往往是一个团队，增强团队意识十分重要。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">起草一个部分，要有全篇意识，要避免写到别人的“田里”去；起草初稿，要有成稿意识，不能有依赖思想，想着有领导把关，便凑够字数交差；作为下属，要有把关意识，从一开始就杜绝硬伤，把数据搞准，把事例搞准，把概念搞准，特别是涉及的重大提法和法律条文以及相关文件和政策表述，一定要弄清楚弄准确，不要给领导“埋地雷”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong>“成文”还要注意几个问题。</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; color: rgb(190, 119, 99); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是注意校对，做到文字精准。二是注意排版，做到版式规范。三是注意装帧，做到制作精良</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。这些方面出现瑕疵，就像衣服扣错了扣子。出稿时一定要检查版本是否正确，报送文稿时要认真核对页码，避免错版、掉页的情况，如果出现这种情况，就不是“失误”而是“事故”了，必须予以杜绝。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志；作者：马国华）</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p> 很想学习，写的不错，多发一些入门方法 从有关评论中摘取带有思想性、针对性的“金句”，作为汇报稿认识、分析或者做法部分提质增色的“神来之笔”。 好文章，认真学习………… 从谋篇布局到具体内容都非常深入细致地阐述，收藏学习了 提纲定到“三级”，框架和大的观点就出来了，可以称之为“胸有成竹”. 这样有针对性的受命，会意、破题，蓄势起到了至关重要的作用 从谋篇布局到具体内容都非常深入细致地阐述，收藏学习了马老师的文章写得很接地气。 拟定提纲，牵头人非常重要。提纲定到“三级”，框架和大的观点就出来了，可以称之为“胸有成竹”；定到“四级”和“五级”